What does the Bible say about epistemology (how to KNOW)?

The clearest expression, for me, seems to be in Paul’s letter to Rome.  He is expounding on righteousness by faith and then makes the interesting point that God’s very nature can be found in the study of His creation.

(Rom 1:20 NIV)  For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities–his eternal power and divine nature–have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse.

The primary purpose of Scripture is to establish the role and efficacy of the Creator’s incarnation.

(John 5:39 KJV)  Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me. 

(Acts 18:28 KJV)  For he mightily convinced the Jews, and that publicly, showing by the scriptures that Jesus was Christ.

There are many parts of scripture that present deep statements about the nature of reality.  Angels are popular topic in the world today.  What did Jesus mean when he said the following:

(Mat 22:29 KJV)  Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God.  For in the resurrection they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are as the angels of God in heaven. 

The strongest statement may be that of Jesus when he commands us to use all of our minds.  Surely he did not intend any close-mindedness.

(Mat 22:37 KJV)  Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.

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